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Creating a knowledge base for the diagnosing of diseases
Macháček, Daniel ; Steinerová, Kateřina (referee) ; Jirsík, Václav (advisor)
This bachelor thesis is focused on problematic of creation knowledge base. It is describing basics of expert systems, their function and possible usage in modern world. In result of this thesis is knowlenge base in web aplication NPS able to diagnose diseases of hematology-oncology and that is proving possibility for use in real life. Knowledge base was created in cooperation with experts in the medical field and contains real data.
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Beta-lactam Antibiotics Level Monitoring in Febrile Neutropenia Patients and Patients with Sepsis
Zavřelová, Alžběta ; Žák, Pavel (advisor) ; Válková, Veronika (referee) ; Krejčí, Marta (referee)
Beta - lactam antibiotics level monitoring in febrile neutropenia patients and patients with sepsis. Monitoring of antibiotic blood concentration in hemato-oncological patients was primary objective of this work. Monitoring of antibiotics level were done mainly in antibiotics used for gram-negative infections treatment (piperacilline, meropenem, ceftazidime) or for the treatment of febrile immunocompromised patient, usually neutropenic. For individual pharmacokinetics evaluation blood concentration were taken during the administration of prolonged antibiotics infusion. It was further used to create population model. Monte Carlo simulation was then used for creation of final model and for demonstration of pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics goals. Pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics goals were primary aim of whole study for different antibiotics during the use in stable hemato-oncological patients but also critical patients. Clinical data were used for further study, where we proved high clinical efficacy of high dose ceftazidime in the treatment of extended drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in hemato-oncological patients.
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Professional nursing care for children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Turnerová, Maria Paula ; Tomová, Šárka (advisor) ; Vlachová, Marie (referee)
Background: The bachelor's thesis inquiries into nursing care of pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in Czech Republic. Objectives: The aim of this qualitative study was to provide summary of essential knowledge from related professional and scientific publications of Czech and foreign origins, ascertain specifics of nursing care provided to pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in Czech healthcare. Furthermore, another goal was to create standard nursing care plans using the Roper, Logan, Tierney model of nursing, and evaluate assets and efficiency in assessing needs of patients using British model of nursing in Czech healthcare. Methods: This qualitative research includes eight case studies of inpatients from Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital. Data were gathered through content analysis of all participants' medical records, as well as through half-structured interviews with patients and observation. Gathered data were summarized to create case studies. Applied model of nursing was analyzed in relation to nursing practice and was compared to Gordon's functional health patterns and Henderson's model of nursing. Results: Applied model of nursing provides opportunity for effective...
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Caring for blood cancer patient undergoing chemotherapy
BAIERLOVÁ, Angélique
The basic haemato-oncological diseases include leukaemia, malignant lymphomas, myeloproliferative diseases and myelodysplastic syndrome. The treatment of these diseases is most often carried out with the help of chemotherapy, which, in addition to its therapeutic effect, also has a number of side effects that may reduce the patient's quality of life. During treatment, the role of the nurse is important, ensuring the safe application of chemotherapy, caring for venous access, monitoring the side effects of treatment and participating in patient education. The aim of the bachelor thesis was to find out the specifics of nursing care of a haemato-oncological patient during chemotherapy. The practical part was processed using a qualitative research survey. The first research group consisted of six nurses working in an oncology centre or inpatient department. The second research group consisted of six haemato-oncological patients undergoing chemotherapy. The semi-structured interview became the technique of data collection. The results of the research show that the nurses treat long-term venous accesses insufficiently. Problems were also found in the treatment of extravasations and in the application of the cytostatic drug itself. The results also showed that nurses do not use the right protective equipment when handling cytostatics. Another negative finding was that patients did not have enough information about the prevention of the side effects of chemotherapy and did not have sufficient psychological support from the nurses. Nevertheless, they evaluate the provided care positively. Based on the results, an information brochure designed for haemato-oncological patients undergoing chemotherapeutic treatment was designed as part of the thesis.
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Creating a knowledge base for the diagnosing of diseases
Macháček, Daniel ; Steinerová, Kateřina (referee) ; Jirsík, Václav (advisor)
This bachelor thesis is focused on problematic of creation knowledge base. It is describing basics of expert systems, their function and possible usage in modern world. In result of this thesis is knowlenge base in web aplication NPS able to diagnose diseases of hematology-oncology and that is proving possibility for use in real life. Knowledge base was created in cooperation with experts in the medical field and contains real data.
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Rehabilitation care system for children with leukaemia in Czech Republic and selected countries of Europe
Dostálová, Markéta ; Jevič, Filip (advisor) ; Ptáková, Karolína (referee)
Leukemia is the most common cancer in childhood, making up 30-35% of all oncological diseases in children in the Czech Republic. The most frequent form of leukemia in pediatric patients is acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). This form accounts for 80% of leukemia in children. Other types include acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML), myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Treatment is based on the type and subtype of leukemia diagnosed and usually lasts 1-2 years, provided there is no relapse. Primary treatment involves many side effects, including on the musculoskeletal system, such as chemotherapy-induced polyneuropathy (CIPN) or muscle myopathy as an adverse effect of glucocorticoid therapy. Part of the comprehensive treatment is supportive treatment, which includes rehabilitation (RHB). The aim of this work is to find out and compare whether and under what conditions RHB in pediatric haemato-colongic patients is in the Czech Republic and selected countries of Europe, who and according to what patients RHB and whether clinics have any programs related to RHB in these patients. The general part introduces the issue of pediatric patients with leukemia including the possibilities and adverse effects of treatment. The special part is devoted to research based on...
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Nursing management of hemato-oncological patients with damage to the oral cavity.
HRŮZA, Pavel
This bachelor thesis deals with one of the frequent complications of cytostatic or radiotherapeutic treatment. It is an oral mucositis that makes life difficult for a patient and becomes discomfort in all aspects. The thesis is divided into theoretical part where the basic hemato-oncological diseases are described including their treatment and complications. The analytical part is aimed on nursing care and all other aspects of caring of patients with this complication. The aim of the bachelor thesis is not only to find out the specifics of nursing care of patients whose oral cavity is affected in connection with hemato-oncological treatment but also to find out possible prevention of mucositis and option of pharmacological treatment of mucositis of hemato-oncological patients. Qualitative research using semi-structured interviews was selected for the analytical part. Eight nurses working at the Hematology and Oncology Unit of the Faculty Hospital in the West Bohemian Region were intentionaly selected for the research. The given interviews were processed by the open coding technique using pencil and paper. 7 categories were created while evaluating the interviews and were further elaborated according to their specialization. Some categories are divided into subcategories. The research shows that nursing care of hemato-oncological patients varies. It depends on selected cytostatic treatment. However, thorough and regular hygiene of the oral cavity is important not only in prevention, but also in treatment and overall care. Resources of its implementation, treatment and prevention were also identified. One of the most frequent preventive measures is cryotherapy and appropriate meal. One of the main tasks of nurse in taking care of patients with mucositis is education.
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Specification of nutrition a patients with oncological disaeses of blood.
MACHOVCOVÁ, Denisa
A common problem with oncological diseases is a lack of nutrition or refusal to take food caused by changes in taste or other complications associated with treatment. This is also true with oncological blood diseases. Because of the influence of their treatment, the people with these diseases frequently lose their appetite and suffer from nausea, often strong enough to induce vomiting, as well as diarrhea or complete change of taste. Immediately after the treatment they can feel a so called "metallic" taste in the mouth. This thesis focuses on analyzing whether the intake is sufficient in such cases. For qualitative research, we used directive interview and collected anthropometric data and sample menus from respondents with oncological blood diseases, which are subsequently calculated Nutriservis. The interview focused primarily on nutrition, but there were also some questions about treatment, as well as family and personal medical history. Comparing the documented menus from the respondents with the calculated values of the recommended intake for each person had a predictable result. All respondents had a lower intake of energy than was calculated for them Protein was taken by 77.7% people (i.e., 7 out of 9 people), which is also a small amount, while fat was taken by 44.4% (4 of 9 people), which is larger amount than recommended. None of the respondents achieved the recommended amount of carbohydrates. We can therefore say that, despite the efforts of doctors and nutritional therapists, people with oncological blood diseases still suffer from poor nutrition. This situation can only be prevented by giving the people with these diseases enough information about the frequent complications that occur and the risks associated with them. In addition, it is necessary to monitor these people and, in cases of major weight loss, inform their doctor, who will consider the administration of artificial nutrition.
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